{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/s2071","title_num":"18","num":"§ 2071.","heading":"Concealment, removal, or mutilation generally","status":null,"guid":"idbd78a964-4aa6-11eb-bce4-d6beeb6aa2d0","source_credit":"(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, § 552(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1566; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)","seq_in_title":743,"parent_identifier":"/us/usc/t18/ptI/ch101","ancestors":[{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18","level":"title","num":"Title 18—","heading":"CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/ptI","level":"part","num":"PART I—","heading":"CRIMES","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/ptI/ch101","level":"chapter","num":"CHAPTER 101—","heading":"RECORDS AND REPORTS","status":null,"is_section":false}],"xml":"<section xmlns=\"http://xml.house.gov/schemas/uslm/1.0\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:dcterms=\"http://purl.org/dc/terms/\" style=\"-uslm-lc:I80\" id=\"id74ebc128-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2071\"><num value=\"2071\">§ 2071.</num><heading> Concealment, removal, or mutilation generally</heading><subsection style=\"-uslm-lc:I11\" class=\"indent0\" id=\"id74ebc129-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2071/a\"><num value=\"a\">(a)</num><content> Whoever willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes, mutilates, obliterates, or destroys, or attempts to do so, or, with intent to do so takes and carries away any record, proceeding, map, book, paper, document, or other thing, filed or deposited with any clerk or officer of any court of the United States, or in any public office, or with any judicial or public officer of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.</content>\n</subsection>\n<subsection style=\"-uslm-lc:I11\" class=\"indent0\" id=\"id74ebc12a-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2071/b\"><num value=\"b\">(b)</num><content> Whoever, having the custody of any such record, proceeding, map, book, document, paper, or other thing, willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes, mutilates, obliterates, falsifies, or destroys the same, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both; and shall forfeit his office and be disqualified from holding any office under the United States. As used in this subsection, the term “office” does not include the office held by any person as a retired officer of the Armed Forces of the United States.</content>\n</subsection>\n<sourceCredit id=\"id74ebc12b-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\">(<ref href=\"/us/act/1948-06-25/ch645\">June 25, 1948, ch. 645</ref>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/62/795\">62 Stat. 795</ref>; <ref href=\"/us/pl/101/510/dA/tV/s552/a\">Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, § 552(a)</ref>, <date date=\"1990-11-05\">Nov. 5, 1990</date>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/104/1566\">104 Stat. 1566</ref>; <ref href=\"/us/pl/103/322/tXXXIII/s330016/1/I\">Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I)</ref>, <date date=\"1994-09-13\">Sept. 13, 1994</date>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/108/2147\">108 Stat. 2147</ref>.)</sourceCredit>\n<notes type=\"uscNote\" id=\"id74ebc12c-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\">\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" topic=\"historicalAndRevision\" id=\"id74ebc12d-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered smallCaps\">Historical and Revision Notes</heading><p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 234, 235 (<ref href=\"/us/act/1909-03-04/ch321\">Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321</ref>, §§ 128, 129, <ref href=\"/us/stat/35/1111\">35 Stat. 1111</ref>, 1112).</p>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Section consolidates sections 234 and 235 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed.</p>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Reference in subsection (a) to intent to steal was omitted as covered by <ref href=\"/us/usc/t18/s641\">section 641 of this title</ref>.</p>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Minor changes were made in phraseology.</p>\n</note>\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" role=\"crossHeading\" topic=\"editorialNotes\" id=\"id74ebc12e-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered\"><b>Editorial Notes</b></heading></note>\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" topic=\"amendments\" id=\"id74ebc12f-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered smallCaps\">Amendments</heading><p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">1994—<ref href=\"/us/pl/103/322\">Pub. L. 103–322</ref> substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $2,000” in subsecs. (a) and (b).</p>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">1990—Subsec. (b). <ref href=\"/us/pl/101/510\">Pub. L. 101–510</ref> inserted at end “As used in this subsection, the term ‘office’ does not include the office held by any person as a retired officer of the Armed Forces of the United States.”</p>\n</note>\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" role=\"crossHeading\" topic=\"statutoryNotes\" id=\"id74ebc130-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered\"><b>Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries</b></heading></note>\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" topic=\"effectiveDateOfAmendment\" id=\"id74ebc131-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered smallCaps\">Effective Date of 1990 Amendment</heading><p><ref href=\"/us/pl/101/510/dA/tV/s552/b\">Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, § 552(b)</ref>, <date date=\"1990-11-05\">Nov. 5, 1990</date>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/104/1567\">104 Stat. 1567</ref>, provided that: <quotedContent origin=\"/us/pl/101/510/dA/tV/s552/b\">“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective as of <date date=\"1989-01-01\">January 1, 1989</date>.”</quotedContent>\n</p>\n</note>\n</notes>\n</section>","provision":null,"duplicates":[],"release":{"label":"116-252","currency_date":"2020-12-22","congress":116,"law_num":252,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":222,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["18","20","31","34","40","42"],"ingested_titles":[]},"served_from":{"label":"116-252","currency_date":"2020-12-22","congress":116,"law_num":252,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":222,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["18","20","31","34","40","42"],"ingested_titles":[]},"content_first_seen":{"label":"116-214","currency_date":"2020-12-05","congress":116,"law_num":214,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":218,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["02","09","11a","15","16","18","18a","20","21","22","28a","31","37","38","39","40","41","51","52","54"],"ingested_titles":[]},"is_exact":true,"note":null}