{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/s2724","title_num":"18","num":"§ 2724.","heading":"Civil action","status":null,"guid":"idbe32aa93-4aa6-11eb-bce4-d6beeb6aa2d0","source_credit":"(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title XXX, § 300002(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2101.)","seq_in_title":949,"parent_identifier":"/us/usc/t18/ptI/ch123","ancestors":[{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18","level":"title","num":"Title 18—","heading":"CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/ptI","level":"part","num":"PART I—","heading":"CRIMES","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/ptI/ch123","level":"chapter","num":"CHAPTER 123—","heading":"PROHIBITION ON RELEASE AND USE OF CERTAIN PERSONAL INFORMATION FROM STATE MOTOR VEHICLE RECORDS","status":null,"is_section":false}],"xml":"<section xmlns=\"http://xml.house.gov/schemas/uslm/1.0\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:dcterms=\"http://purl.org/dc/terms/\" style=\"-uslm-lc:I80\" id=\"id7529db8f-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2724\"><num value=\"2724\">§ 2724.</num><heading> Civil action</heading><subsection style=\"-uslm-lc:I11\" class=\"indent0\" id=\"id7529db90-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2724/a\"><num value=\"a\">(a)</num><heading> <inline class=\"small-caps\">Cause of Action</inline>.—</heading><content>A person who knowingly obtains, discloses or uses personal information, from a motor vehicle record, for a purpose not permitted under this chapter shall be liable to the individual to whom the information pertains, who may bring a civil action in a United States district court.</content>\n</subsection>\n<subsection style=\"-uslm-lc:I11\" class=\"indent0\" id=\"id7529db91-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2724/b\"><num value=\"b\">(b)</num><heading> <inline class=\"small-caps\">Remedies</inline>.—</heading><chapeau>The court may award—</chapeau><paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id7529db92-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2724/b/1\"><num value=\"1\">(1)</num><content> actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages in the amount of $2,500;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id7529db93-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2724/b/2\"><num value=\"2\">(2)</num><content> punitive damages upon proof of willful or reckless disregard of the law;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id7529db94-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2724/b/3\"><num value=\"3\">(3)</num><content> reasonable attorneys’ fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred; and</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id7529db95-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s2724/b/4\"><num value=\"4\">(4)</num><content> such other preliminary and equitable relief as the court determines to be appropriate.</content>\n</paragraph>\n</subsection>\n<sourceCredit id=\"id7529db96-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\">(Added <ref href=\"/us/pl/103/322/tXXX/s300002/a\">Pub. L. 103–322, title XXX, § 300002(a)</ref>, <date date=\"1994-09-13\">Sept. 13, 1994</date>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/108/2101\">108 Stat. 2101</ref>.)</sourceCredit>\n<notes type=\"uscNote\" id=\"id7529db97-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\">\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" role=\"crossHeading\" topic=\"statutoryNotes\" id=\"id7529db98-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered\"><b>Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries</b></heading></note>\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" topic=\"effectiveDate\" id=\"id7529db99-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered smallCaps\">Effective Date</heading><p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Section effective on the date that is 3 years after <date date=\"1994-09-13\">Sept. 13, 1994</date>, with provisions relating to release of personal information before the effective date and compliance after such date, see <ref href=\"/us/pl/103/322/s300003\">section 300003 of Pub. L. 103–322</ref>, set out as a note under <ref href=\"/us/usc/t18/s2721\">section 2721 of this title</ref>.</p>\n</note>\n</notes>\n</section>","provision":null,"duplicates":[],"release":{"label":"116-252","currency_date":"2020-12-22","congress":116,"law_num":252,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":222,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["18","20","31","34","40","42"],"ingested_titles":[]},"served_from":{"label":"116-252","currency_date":"2020-12-22","congress":116,"law_num":252,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":222,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["18","20","31","34","40","42"],"ingested_titles":[]},"content_first_seen":{"label":"116-214","currency_date":"2020-12-05","congress":116,"law_num":214,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":218,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["02","09","11a","15","16","18","18a","20","21","22","28a","31","37","38","39","40","41","51","52","54"],"ingested_titles":[]},"is_exact":true,"note":null}