{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/s435","title_num":"18","num":"§ 435.","heading":"Contracts in excess of specific appropriation","status":null,"guid":"idbbd272ea-4aa6-11eb-bce4-d6beeb6aa2d0","source_credit":"(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)","seq_in_title":153,"parent_identifier":"/us/usc/t18/ptI/ch23","ancestors":[{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18","level":"title","num":"Title 18—","heading":"CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/ptI","level":"part","num":"PART I—","heading":"CRIMES","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/ptI/ch23","level":"chapter","num":"CHAPTER 23—","heading":"CONTRACTS","status":null,"is_section":false}],"xml":"<section xmlns=\"http://xml.house.gov/schemas/uslm/1.0\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:dcterms=\"http://purl.org/dc/terms/\" style=\"-uslm-lc:I80\" id=\"id746182fe-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t18/s435\"><num value=\"435\">§ 435.</num><heading> Contracts in excess of specific appropriation</heading><content>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I11\" class=\"indent0\">Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States, knowingly contracts for the erection, repair, or furnishing of any public building, or for any public improvement, to pay a larger amount than the specific sum appropriated for such purpose, shall be fined under this title <ref class=\"footnoteRef\" idref=\"fn002036\">1</ref><note type=\"footnote\" id=\"fn002036\"><num>1</num> See 1994 Amendment note below.</note> or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.</p>\n</content><sourceCredit id=\"id746182ff-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\">(<ref href=\"/us/act/1948-06-25/ch645\">June 25, 1948, ch. 645</ref>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/62/703\">62 Stat. 703</ref>; <ref href=\"/us/pl/103/322/tXXXIII/s330016/1/K\">Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K)</ref>, <date date=\"1994-09-13\">Sept. 13, 1994</date>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/108/2147\">108 Stat. 2147</ref>.)</sourceCredit>\n<notes type=\"uscNote\" id=\"id74618300-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\">\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" topic=\"historicalAndRevision\" id=\"id74618301-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered smallCaps\">Historical and Revision Notes</heading><p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 184 (<ref href=\"/us/act/1909-03-04/ch321/s98\">Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 98</ref>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/35/1106\">35 Stat. 1106</ref>).</p>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Words “or employee” were inserted to remove any ambiguity as to scope of section.</p>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">The offense described in this section involves no moral turpitude, and therefore the punishment provisions were reduced from $2,000 to $1,000 and from 2 years to 1 year, so that the stigma of a felony would not attach to an offender. (See classification of felony and misdemeanor in <ref href=\"/us/usc/t18/s1\">section 1 of this title</ref> and note thereunder.)</p>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Mandatory punishment provisions were rephrased in the alternative.</p>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Changes were also made in phraseology.</p>\n</note>\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" role=\"crossHeading\" topic=\"editorialNotes\" id=\"id74618302-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered\"><b>Editorial Notes</b></heading></note>\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" topic=\"amendments\" id=\"id74618303-3b28-11eb-ad8c-9fba61cd9daf\"><heading class=\"centered smallCaps\">Amendments</heading><p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">1994—<ref href=\"/us/pl/103/322\">Pub. L. 103–322</ref>, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”, was executed by making the substitution for “fined not more than $1,000”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.</p>\n</note>\n</notes>\n</section>","provision":null,"duplicates":[],"release":{"label":"116-252","currency_date":"2020-12-22","congress":116,"law_num":252,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":222,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["18","20","31","34","40","42"],"ingested_titles":[]},"served_from":{"label":"116-252","currency_date":"2020-12-22","congress":116,"law_num":252,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":222,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["18","20","31","34","40","42"],"ingested_titles":[]},"content_first_seen":{"label":"116-214","currency_date":"2020-12-05","congress":116,"law_num":214,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":218,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["02","09","11a","15","16","18","18a","20","21","22","28a","31","37","38","39","40","41","51","52","54"],"ingested_titles":[]},"is_exact":true,"note":null}