<section xmlns="http://xml.house.gov/schemas/uslm/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" style="-uslm-lc:I80" id="id13838848-f67d-11e5-bd8c-a577a4d23433" identifier="/us/usc/t28/s43"><num value="43">§ 43.</num><heading> Creation and composition of courts</heading><subsection style="-uslm-lc:I11" class="indent0" id="id13838849-f67d-11e5-bd8c-a577a4d23433" identifier="/us/usc/t28/s43/a"><num value="a">(a)</num><content> There shall be in each circuit a court of appeals, which shall be a court of record, known as the United States Court of Appeals for the circuit.</content>
</subsection>
<subsection style="-uslm-lc:I11" class="indent0" id="id1383884a-f67d-11e5-bd8c-a577a4d23433" identifier="/us/usc/t28/s43/b"><num value="b">(b)</num><content> Each court of appeals shall consist of the circuit judges of the circuit in regular active service. The circuit justice and justices or judges designated or assigned shall be competent to sit as judges of the court.</content>
</subsection>
<sourceCredit id="id1383884b-f67d-11e5-bd8c-a577a4d23433">(<ref href="/us/act/1948-06-25/ch646">June 25, 1948, ch. 646</ref>, <ref href="/us/stat/62/870">62 Stat. 870</ref>; <ref href="/us/pl/88/176">Pub. L. 88–176</ref>, § 1(a), <date date="1963-11-13">Nov. 13, 1963</date>, <ref href="/us/stat/77/331">77 Stat. 331</ref>.)</sourceCredit>
<notes type="uscNote" id="id1383884c-f67d-11e5-bd8c-a577a4d23433">
<note style="-uslm-lc:I74" topic="historicalAndRevision" id="id1383884d-f67d-11e5-bd8c-a577a4d23433"><heading class="centered smallCaps">Historical and Revision Notes</heading><p style="-uslm-lc:I21" class="indent0">Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 212 (<ref href="/us/act/1911-03-03/ch231">Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231</ref>, § 117, <ref href="/us/stat/36/1131">36 Stat. 1131</ref>).</p>
<p style="-uslm-lc:I21" class="indent0">The provision in <ref href="/us/usc/t28/s212">section 212 of title 28</ref>, U.S.C., 1940 ed., for a three-judge court of appeals was permissive and did not limit the power of the court to sit in banc. Thus, subsection (b) reflects present status of law, namely, that court is composed of not only circuit judges of the circuit in active service, of whom there may be more than three, but the circuit justice or justices and judges who may be assigned or designated to the court. (See <i>Textile Mills Securities Corporation v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue</i>, 1942, 62 S.Ct. 272, 314 U.S. 326, 86 L.Ed. 249 and Reviser’s Notes under <ref href="/us/usc/t28/s46">section 46 of this title</ref>.)</p>
<p style="-uslm-lc:I21" class="indent0">Words “with appellate jurisdiction, as hereinafter limited and established” were omitted as covered by section 1291 et seq. of this title, conferring appellate jurisdiction on the courts of appeals.</p>
<p style="-uslm-lc:I21" class="indent0">The term “court of appeals” was substituted in this section and throughout this title for the term “circuit court of appeals.”</p>
<p style="-uslm-lc:I21" class="indent0">Provision for a quorum of the court is now covered by <ref href="/us/usc/t28/s46/d">section 46(d) of this title</ref>.</p>
</note>
<note style="-uslm-lc:I74" topic="amendments" id="id1383884e-f67d-11e5-bd8c-a577a4d23433"><heading class="centered smallCaps">Amendments</heading><p style="-uslm-lc:I21" class="indent0">1963—Subsec. (b). <ref href="/us/pl/88/176">Pub. L. 88–176</ref> inserted “regular” before “active service”.</p>
</note>
<note style="-uslm-lc:I78" topic="miscellaneous" id="id1383884f-f67d-11e5-bd8c-a577a4d23433">
<heading class="centered smallCaps">Change of Name of Court</heading>
<p style="-uslm-lc:I21" class="indent0"><ref href="/us/act/1948-06-25/ch646">Act June 25, 1948, ch. 646</ref>, § 2(b), <ref href="/us/stat/62/985">62 Stat. 985</ref>, provided in part that each circuit court of appeals should, after <date date="1948-09-01">Sept. 1, 1948</date>, be known as a United States Court of Appeals, but that the enactment of act <date date="1948-06-25">June 25, 1948</date> should in no way entail any loss of rights, interruption of jurisdiction, or prejudice to matters pending in any such courts on <date date="1948-09-01">Sept. 1, 1948</date>.</p>
</note>
</notes>
</section>