{"identifier":"/us/usc/t34/s12381","title_num":"34","num":"§ 12381.","heading":"Authorization of circuit studies; education and training grants","status":null,"guid":"ide3379875-4aa6-11eb-b55f-d70c2cfce33a","source_credit":"(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40421, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1944; Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title IV, § 1406(b)(1), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1516.)","seq_in_title":370,"parent_identifier":"/us/usc/t34/stI/ch121/schIII/ptD/spt2","ancestors":[{"identifier":"/us/usc/t34","level":"title","num":"Title 34—","heading":"CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t34/stI","level":"subtitle","num":"Subtitle I—","heading":"Comprehensive Acts","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t34/stI/ch121","level":"chapter","num":"CHAPTER 121—","heading":"VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t34/stI/ch121/schIII","level":"subchapter","num":"SUBCHAPTER III—","heading":"VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t34/stI/ch121/schIII/ptD","level":"part","num":"Part D—","heading":"Equal Justice for Women in Courts","status":null,"is_section":false},{"identifier":"/us/usc/t34/stI/ch121/schIII/ptD/spt2","level":"subpart","num":"subpart 2—","heading":"education and training for judges and court personnel in federal courts","status":null,"is_section":false}],"xml":"<section xmlns=\"http://xml.house.gov/schemas/uslm/1.0\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:dcterms=\"http://purl.org/dc/terms/\" style=\"-uslm-lc:I80\" id=\"id26994b89-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381\"><num value=\"12381\">§ 12381.</num><heading> Authorization of circuit studies; education and training grants</heading><subsection style=\"-uslm-lc:I19\" class=\"indent2 firstIndent-2\" id=\"id26994b8a-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/a\"><num value=\"a\" class=\"bold\">(a)</num><heading class=\"bold\"> Studies</heading><content><p style=\"-uslm-lc:I11\" class=\"indent0\">In order to gain a better understanding of the nature and the extent of gender bias in the Federal courts, the circuit judicial councils are encouraged to conduct studies of the instances, if any, of gender bias in their respective circuits and to implement recommended reforms.</p>\n</content>\n</subsection>\n<subsection style=\"-uslm-lc:I19\" class=\"indent2 firstIndent-2\" id=\"id26994b8b-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b\"><num value=\"b\" class=\"bold\">(b)</num><heading class=\"bold\"> Matters for examination</heading><chapeau style=\"-uslm-lc:I11\" class=\"indent0\">The studies under subsection (a) may include an examination of the effects of gender on—</chapeau><paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b8c-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/1\"><num value=\"1\">(1)</num><content> the treatment of litigants, witnesses, attorneys, jurors, and judges in the courts, including before magistrate and bankruptcy judges;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b8d-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/2\"><num value=\"2\">(2)</num><content> the interpretation and application of the law, both civil and criminal;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b8e-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/3\"><num value=\"3\">(3)</num><content> treatment of defendants in criminal cases;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b8f-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/4\"><num value=\"4\">(4)</num><content> treatment of victims of violent crimes in judicial proceedings;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b90-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/5\"><num value=\"5\">(5)</num><content> sentencing;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b91-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/6\"><num value=\"6\">(6)</num><content> sentencing alternatives and the nature of supervision of probation and parole;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b92-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/7\"><num value=\"7\">(7)</num><content> appointments to committees of the Judicial Conference and the courts;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b93-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/8\"><num value=\"8\">(8)</num><content> case management and court sponsored alternative dispute resolution programs;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b94-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/9\"><num value=\"9\">(9)</num><content> the selection, retention, promotion, and treatment of employees;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b95-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/10\"><num value=\"10\">(10)</num><content> appointment of arbitrators, experts, and special masters;</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b96-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/11\"><num value=\"11\">(11)</num><content> the admissibility of the victim’s past sexual history in civil and criminal cases; and</content>\n</paragraph>\n<paragraph style=\"-uslm-lc:I12\" class=\"indent1\" id=\"id26994b97-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/b/12\"><num value=\"12\">(12)</num><content> the aspects of the topics listed in <ref href=\"/us/usc/t34/s12372\">section 12372 of this title</ref> that pertain to issues within the jurisdiction of the Federal courts.</content>\n</paragraph>\n</subsection>\n<subsection style=\"-uslm-lc:I19\" class=\"indent2 firstIndent-2\" id=\"id26994b98-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/c\"><num value=\"c\" class=\"bold\">(c)</num><heading class=\"bold\"> Clearinghouse</heading><content><p style=\"-uslm-lc:I11\" class=\"indent0\">The Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall act as a clearinghouse to disseminate any reports and materials issued by the gender bias task forces under subsection (a) and to respond to requests for such reports and materials. The gender bias task forces shall provide the Administrative Office of the Courts of the United States <ref class=\"footnoteRef\" idref=\"fn002113\">1</ref><note type=\"footnote\" id=\"fn002113\"><num>1</num> So in original. Probably should be “Administrative Office of the United States Courts”.</note> with their reports and related material.</p>\n</content>\n</subsection>\n<subsection style=\"-uslm-lc:I19\" class=\"indent2 firstIndent-2\" id=\"id269972a9-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\" identifier=\"/us/usc/t34/s12381/d\"><num value=\"d\" class=\"bold\">(d)</num><heading class=\"bold\"> Continuing education and training programs</heading><content><p style=\"-uslm-lc:I11\" class=\"indent0\">The Federal Judicial Center, in carrying out <ref href=\"/us/usc/t28/s620/b/3\">section 620(b)(3) of title 28</ref>, shall include in the educational programs it prepares, including the training programs for newly appointed judges, information on the aspects of the topics listed in <ref href=\"/us/usc/t34/s12372\">section 12372 of this title</ref> that pertain to issues within the jurisdiction of the Federal courts, and shall prepare materials necessary to implement this subsection.</p>\n</content>\n</subsection>\n<sourceCredit id=\"id269972aa-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\">(<ref href=\"/us/pl/103/322/tIV/s40421\">Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40421</ref>, <date date=\"1994-09-13\">Sept. 13, 1994</date>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/108/1944\">108 Stat. 1944</ref>; <ref href=\"/us/pl/106/386/dB/tIV/s1406/b/1\">Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title IV, § 1406(b)(1)</ref>, <date date=\"2000-10-28\">Oct. 28, 2000</date>, <ref href=\"/us/stat/114/1516\">114 Stat. 1516</ref>.)</sourceCredit>\n<notes type=\"uscNote\" id=\"id269972ab-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\">\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I76\" topic=\"codification\" id=\"id269972ac-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\"><heading class=\"centered smallCaps\">Codification</heading>\n<p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">Section was formerly classified to <ref href=\"/us/usc/t42/s14001\">section 14001 of Title 42</ref>, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.</p>\n</note>\n<note style=\"-uslm-lc:I74\" topic=\"amendments\" id=\"id269972ad-0f21-11eb-9212-a1a9175aa019\"><heading class=\"centered smallCaps\">Amendments</heading><p style=\"-uslm-lc:I21\" class=\"indent0\">2000—Subsec. (d). <ref href=\"/us/pl/106/386\">Pub. L. 106–386</ref> amended heading and text of subsec. (d) generally, substituting provisions relating to continuing education and training programs for provisions relating to model programs.</p>\n</note>\n</notes>\n</section>","provision":null,"duplicates":[],"release":{"label":"116-252","currency_date":"2020-12-22","congress":116,"law_num":252,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":222,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["18","20","31","34","40","42"],"ingested_titles":[]},"served_from":{"label":"116-252","currency_date":"2020-12-22","congress":116,"law_num":252,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":222,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["18","20","31","34","40","42"],"ingested_titles":[]},"content_first_seen":{"label":"116-169","currency_date":"2020-10-13","congress":116,"law_num":169,"excluded_laws":[],"update_num":null,"seq":215,"is_partial":false,"caveat":null,"titles_affected":["19","25","34"],"ingested_titles":[]},"is_exact":true,"note":null}