§ 44303. Coverage

In this section, before clause (1), the words “persons, property, or interest” are omitted as unnecessary. In clause (2), the word “property” is substituted for “Cargoes” and “air cargoes” for consistency in the revised title. In clause (2)(B) and (C), the words “its territories, or possessions” are omitted as unnecessary because of the definition of “United States” in section 40102(a) of the revised title. In clause (2)(C)(ii), the word “contract” is substituted for “contracts of sale or purchase”, and the words “putting . . . on” are substituted for “is assumed by or falls upon”, to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (2)(D), the word “place” is substituted for “point” for consistency in the revised title. In subclause (i), the words “a State or the District of Columbia” are substituted for “the United States” for clarity and consistency because the definition of “United States” in section 40102(a) of the revised title is too broad for the context of the clause. The definition in section 40102(a) includes territories and possession and would therefore overlap with subclauses (ii) and (iii). In subclause (iii), the words “2 places in the same territory or possession of the United States” are substituted for “any point in any such territory or possession and any other point in the same territory or possession” for clarity. In clauses (3) and (4), the word “individuals” is substituted for “persons” as being more appropriate. The words “captains” and “pilots” are omitted as being included in “officers and members of the crew”.

The text of section 201(b)(2) of Pub. L. 107–42, which was transferred and redesignated so as to appear as subsec. (b) of this section and amended by Pub. L. 107–296, was based on Pub. L. 107–42, title II, § 201(b)(2), , 115 Stat. 235, formerly included in a note set out under section 40101 of this title.

2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–235 substituted “” for “the date specified in section 106(3) of the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015”.

Pub. L. 113–164 substituted “the date specified in section 106(3) of the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015” for “”.

Pub. L. 113–76 substituted “” for “the date specified in section 106(3) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014”.

2013—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–46 substituted “the date specified in section 106(3) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014” for “”.

2012—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–95 substituted “ending on , the Secretary may certify” for “ending on , the Secretary may certify”.

Pub. L. 112–91 substituted “,” for “,”.

2011—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–30 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 112–27 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 112–21 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 112–16 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 112–7 substituted “,” for “,”.

2010—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–329 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 111–249 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 111–216 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 111–197 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 111–161 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 111–153 substituted “,” for “,”.

2009—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–117, which directed the substitution of “,” for “,”, could not be executed due to the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 111–69. See below.

Pub. L. 111–116 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 111–69 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 111–12 substituted “,” for “,”.

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–330 substituted “,” for “,”.

Pub. L. 110–253 substituted “” for “”.

2007—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted “2008,” for “2006,”.

2005—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–115 substituted “2006” for “2005”.

2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–447 substituted “2005” for “2004’.

2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–176, § 106(a)(3)(A), substituted “In General” for “In general” in heading.

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 108–176, § 106(a)(3)(B), added par. (6).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–176, § 106(b), inserted at end “The Secretary may extend the provisions of this subsection to an aircraft manufacturer (as defined in section 44301) of the aircraft of the air carrier involved.”

Pub. L. 108–11 substituted “2004” for “2003”.

2002—Pub. L. 107–296 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, transferred and redesignated the text of section 201(b)(2) of Pub. L. 107–42 so as to appear as subsec. (b), in heading substituted “Air Carrier Liability for Third Party Claims Arising Out of Acts of Terrorism” for “Discretion of the Secretary”, and in text substituted “the period beginning on , and ending on , the Secretary” for “the 180-day period following the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation” and “this subsection” for “this paragraph”. See Codification note above.

2001—Pub. L. 107–42, § 201(b)(1)(A), inserted “, or reimburse insurance costs, as” after “insurance and reinsurance” in introductory provisions.

Par. (1). Pub. L. 107–42, § 201(b)(1)(B), inserted “in the interest of air commerce or national security or” before “to carry out the foreign policy”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–27 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 112–27, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–21 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 112–21, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–16 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 112–16, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–7 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 112–7, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–329 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 111–329, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–249 effective , see section 5(l) of Pub. L. 111–249, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–216 effective , see section 104(j) of Pub. L. 111–216, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–197 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 111–197, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–161 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 111–161, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–153 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 111–153, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–116 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 111–116, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–12 effective , see section 5(j) of Pub. L. 111–12, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–330 effective , see section 5(l) of Pub. L. 110–330, set out as a note under section 40117 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–253 effective , see section 3(d) of Pub. L. 110–253, set out as a note under section 9502 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 applicable only to fiscal years beginning after , except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after , see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 109–289, div. B, title II, § 21002(b), as added by Pub. L. 110–5, § 2, , 121 Stat. 48, provided that subsec. (b) of this section would be applied by substituting “” for “”.